d galactosamine d galn  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: ACS Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Using Next Generation Chemiluminescent Probes to Improve the Plasmodium falciparum in vitro Parasite Reduction Ratio (PRR) Assay

doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5c00924

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the 14-day vs 7-day lacZ /β-gal SENSOR probe PRR assay in comparison to the published PRR v2 assay. The four reference drugs artemisinin (58 nM), atovaquone (100 nM), chloroquine (112 nM) and pyrimethamine (170 nM) were tested in at least three independent experiments. Time-killing profiles were normalized with error bars representing the standard error of the mean (SEM) of the independent experiments in technical quadruplicates.

Article Snippet: All wells of the 7- and 14-day lacZ /β-gal SENSOR probe PRR assay were treated with β-gal SENSOR probe (AquaSpark beta-D-galactoside, Biosynth AG, cat. #A-8169_P00) diluted in purified, sterile-filtered water containing MgCl 2 to achieve final concentrations of 10 μM β-gal SENSOR probe and 200 μM MgCl 2 per well.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: FOXO4-DRI regulates endothelial cell senescence via the P53 signaling pathway

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1729166

Figure Lengend Snippet: FOXO4-DRI can effectively maintain vascular function in naturally aging mice. (A) Western blot experiments were conducted and quantitatively analyzed to determine the changes in protein levels of Ki-67, Lamin B, P21, P16, and γ-H2AX in the aortas of naturally aged mice after FOXO4-DRI or PBS treatment. n ≥ 4 per group. (B) RT-qPCR analysis was performed to examine the mRNA levels of Il-1β, Il-6, Cxcl15 , and Tnf-α in the aortas of naturally aged mice after FOXO4-DRI and PBS treatments. n = 3 per group. (C) Representative SA-β-Gal staining and quantitative analysis were performed to determine the number of positive cells in the aortas of naturally aged mice after FOXO4-DRI and PBS treatments. n = 5 per group. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Representative HE staining and quantitative analysis were performed to evaluate the thickness of the aortas in naturally aged mice after FOXO4-DRI and PBS treatments. n = 5 per group. Scale bar = 100 μm. (E) Color Doppler imaging and analysis were performed to detect and analyze the structural and blood flow conditions of the aortas in naturally aged mice after FOXO4-DRI and PBS treatments. n = 6 per group. (F) Representative DHE staining and quantitative analysis were performed to assess the ROS levels in the aortas of naturally aged mice after FOXO4-DRI and PBS treatments. n = 5 per group. Scale bar = 100 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. * indicates P < 0.05, ** indicates P < 0.01, *** indicates P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: In the D-Gal + FOXO4-DRI group, mice also received D-galactose injections and, after 4 weeks, were given intraperitoneal injections of FOXO4-DRI (5 mg/kg, MCE, HY-P4157) every 2 days for 4 weeks, followed by tissue collection.

Techniques: Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining, Imaging, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: FOXO4-DRI regulates endothelial cell senescence via the P53 signaling pathway

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1729166

Figure Lengend Snippet: FOXO4-DRI can effectively maintain vascular function in progeroid mice. (A) Western blot experiments were conducted and quantitatively analyzed to determine the changes in protein levels of Ki-67, Lamin B, P21, P16, and γ-H2AX in the aortas of progeroid mice after FOXO4-DRI or PBS treatment. n ≥ 4 per group. (B) RT-qPCR analysis was performed to examine the mRNA levels of Il-1β , Il-6 , Cxcl15 , and Tnf-α in the aortas of progeroid mice after FOXO4-DRI and PBS treatments. n = 3 per group. (C) Representative SA-β-Gal staining and quantitative analysis were performed to determine the number of positive cells in the aortas of progeroid mice after FOXO4-DRI and PBS treatments. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 5 per group. (D) Representative HE staining and quantitative analysis were performed to evaluate the thickness in the aortas of progeroid mice after FOXO4-DRI and PBS treatments. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 5 per group. (E) Color Doppler imaging and analysis were performed to detect and analyze the structural and blood flow conditions in the aortas of progeroid mice after FOXO4-DRI and PBS treatments. n = 5 per group. (F) Representative DHE staining and quantitative analysis were performed to assess the ROS levels in the aortas of progeroid mice after FOXO4-DRI and PBS treatments. n = 5 per group. Scale bar = 100 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. * indicates P < 0.05, ** indicates P < 0.01, *** indicates P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: In the D-Gal + FOXO4-DRI group, mice also received D-galactose injections and, after 4 weeks, were given intraperitoneal injections of FOXO4-DRI (5 mg/kg, MCE, HY-P4157) every 2 days for 4 weeks, followed by tissue collection.

Techniques: Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining, Imaging, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: FOXO4-DRI regulates endothelial cell senescence via the P53 signaling pathway

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1729166

Figure Lengend Snippet: FOXO4-DRI can alleviate endothelial cell senescence induced by OGD. (A) Western blot analysis was conducted to quantify the changes in protein levels of Ki-67, Lamin B, P21, P16, and γ-H2AX in senescent HUVECs following treatment with FOXO4-DRI or PBS, with n ≥ 4 per group. (B) Representative immunofluorescence analysis (green for Ki-67, blue for DAPI) was performed to assess the number of Ki-67 positive HUVECs in different groups, with n = 5 per group and scale bar = 40 μm. (C) Fluorescent staining was carried out to analyze the content and localization changes of P21 and γ-H2AX in different groups, with n = 5 per group and scale bar = 40 μm. (D) Representative SA-β-GAL staining and quantification were performed to evaluate the number of positive cells in different groups, with n = 5 per group and scale bar = 100 μm. (E) Tube formation assays were conducted to analyze relative tube lengths in different groups, with n = 5 per group and scale bar = 400 μm. (F) Representative DHE staining and quantification were carried out to evaluate the number of DHE-positive cells in different groups, with n = 5 per group and scale bar = 100 μm. (G) Scratch assays were performed to assess endothelial cell migration coverage at 0, 12, 24, and 36 h in different groups, with n = 5 per group and scale bar = 400 μm. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis assessed by 2-way RM ANOVA. (H) RT-qPCR analysis was performed to detect mRNA levels of IL-6 , IL-8 , IL-1β , and TNF-α in different groups, with n = 3 per group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. * indicates P < 0.05, ** indicates P < 0.01, *** indicates P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: In the D-Gal + FOXO4-DRI group, mice also received D-galactose injections and, after 4 weeks, were given intraperitoneal injections of FOXO4-DRI (5 mg/kg, MCE, HY-P4157) every 2 days for 4 weeks, followed by tissue collection.

Techniques: Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Migration, Quantitative RT-PCR, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: FOXO4-DRI regulates endothelial cell senescence via the P53 signaling pathway

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1729166

Figure Lengend Snippet: FOXO4-DRI can block the interaction between P53 and FOXO4. (A) The FOXO4-P53 interaction was analyzed through co-immunoprecipitation in OGD-treated HUVECs, in different groups, with n = 3 per group. (B) Western blot analysis quantified changes in protein levels of pSer46-P53 and P53 in different groups, with n = 5 per group. (C) Western blot analysis quantified changes in protein levels of pSer46-P53 and P53 in different groups, with n = 5 per group. (D) Western blot analysis was performed to examine the distribution of pSer46-P53 and P53 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HUVECs in different groups. With n = 5 per group. (E) Subcellular localization of pSer46-P53 in different groups of HUVECs was analyzed using representative immunofluorescence staining (pSer46-P53 in green, DAPI in blue), with n = 5 per group, scale bar = 40 μm. (F) Immunofluorescence detection and analysis of subcellular localization of pSer46-P53 and FOXO4 in aortic sections of naturally aged mice (pSer46-P53 in green, FOXO4 in red, DAPI in blue), with n = 5 per group, scale bar = 20 μm. (G) Immunofluorescence detection and analysis of subcellular localization of pSer46-P53 and FOXO4 in aortic sections of progeroid mice (pSer46-P53 in green, FOXO4 in red, DAPI in blue), with n = 5 per group, scale bar = 20 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: In the D-Gal + FOXO4-DRI group, mice also received D-galactose injections and, after 4 weeks, were given intraperitoneal injections of FOXO4-DRI (5 mg/kg, MCE, HY-P4157) every 2 days for 4 weeks, followed by tissue collection.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: FOXO4-DRI regulates endothelial cell senescence via the P53 signaling pathway

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1729166

Figure Lengend Snippet: FOXO4-DRI promotes apoptosis in senescent cells. (A) Western blot analysis quantified changes in protein levels of BAX, Bcl2, and c-Caspase3 in different groups, with n = 5 per group. (B) Western blot analysis assessed changes in protein levels of BAX, Bcl2, and c-Caspase3 in the aortas of naturally aged mice after FOXO4-DRI or PBS treatment, with n = 5 per group. (C) Representative TUNEL staining and quantitative analysis were conducted to determine the number of positive cells in the aortas of naturally aged mice after FOXO4-DRI and PBS treatments, with n = 5 per group and scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Representative TUNEL staining and quantification evaluated the number of TUNEL-positive cells across different groups with n = 5 per group and scale bar = 20 μm. (E) Flow cytometry analysis was used to quantitatively assess the number of Annexin V-positive cells in different groups, with a sample size of n = 5 per group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: In the D-Gal + FOXO4-DRI group, mice also received D-galactose injections and, after 4 weeks, were given intraperitoneal injections of FOXO4-DRI (5 mg/kg, MCE, HY-P4157) every 2 days for 4 weeks, followed by tissue collection.

Techniques: Western Blot, TUNEL Assay, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: FOXO4-DRI regulates endothelial cell senescence via the P53 signaling pathway

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1729166

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of FOXO4-DRI in alleviating endothelial cell senescence aging extends cell survival. This study demonstrates that FOXO4-DRI mitigates senescence by inhibiting the FOXO4-P53 interaction, promoting P53 phosphorylation, and inducing apoptosis in senescent cells, thereby alleviating aging-related symptoms. Content produced with BioRender; license VN28TABHO4.

Article Snippet: In the D-Gal + FOXO4-DRI group, mice also received D-galactose injections and, after 4 weeks, were given intraperitoneal injections of FOXO4-DRI (5 mg/kg, MCE, HY-P4157) every 2 days for 4 weeks, followed by tissue collection.

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Produced

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A newly identified three-domain C-type lectin associated with blood feeding in the tick Ixodes ricinus

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.07.698205

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic representation of ligands recognized by all three CRD domains in glycan-array experiments. The ligands are groupped according to a blood group antigen from which they are derived. The symbolic representation of saccharides: yellow circle = D-galactose; yellow square = N -acetyl-D-galactosamine; blue circle = D-glucose; blue square = N -acetyl-D-glucosamine; red rectangle = L-fucose; purple diamond = N -acetylneuraminic acid.

Article Snippet: For the hemagglutination inhibition assay, 25 μL of the recombinant His-CRD1 or His-CRD2 was mixed with 25 μL of serially diluted saccharides (α-L-fucose (L-Fuc), α-D-galactose (D-Gal), N -acetyl-α-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) (Carbosynth Limited), α-L-galactose (L-Gal), α-D-glucose (D-Glc), α-D-mannose (D-Man) (Duchefa Biochemie) dissolved in buffer A. Mixtures were incubated for 15 min at room temperature.

Techniques: Glycoproteomics, Derivative Assay

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Loss of LafB activity reverses daptomycin resistance in E. faecium

doi: 10.1128/mbio.00715-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: TLC analysis of glycolipids in total membrane lipid extracts from E. faecium . Glycolipid profiles of E. faecium SM1, SM1 lafB T577C, SM1Δ lafB , and SM1 Δ lafB /pAT28:: lafB mutants were compared to WT E. faecium SM1. Purified lipid standards included Gal₂DAG [1,2-diacyl-3-O-(α-D-galactosyl(1→6)-β-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol] and Glc ₁ DAG [1,2-diacyl-3-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol] (Avanti Polar Lipids). Glycolipid species Glc ₁ DAG, Glc ₂ DAG, and Gal ₂ DAG were identified based on migration relative to standards. Additional bands representing unknown lipid species are also indicated. The absence of glycolipid bands in the Δ lafB mutant and their restoration in the complemented strain demonstrates the role of lafB in glycolipid biosynthesis. Data are representative of three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Approximately 5 μL of each of the two standards (Gal 2 DAG: 1,2-diacyl-3- O -(α- d -galactosyl1-6)-β- d -galactosyl- sn -glycerol Avanti Polar Lipids 840524P, Glc 1 DAG: 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol Avanti Polar Lipids 840522P) and ~15 μL of each sample was spotted on the baseline of a Silica gel 60 TLC plate.

Techniques: Membrane, Purification, Migration, Mutagenesis